This document studies the debt crisis of the poorest countries, and the achievement over ten years of the Jubilee Debt Campaign, which sought major debt relief for these countries. “Frankly, it is a scandal that we are forced to choose between basic health and education for our people and repaying historical debt. Shall we let our children die of curable and preventable illnesses, prevent them from going to school, let people drink polluted water, just to pay off this debt?” PRESIDENT MKAPA OF TANZANIA, FEBRUARY 2005